Wednesday, 24 October 2012

Staying Ahead in Rubber Glove Industries




Based on the article, ‘Staying on Top of The Game’ written by Yvonne Tan in The Star newspaper, Top Glove Corp Bhd. is confident to expand its business to the Asian markets. Tan Sri Lim Wee Chai, chairman of Top Glove Corp Bhd. shares his strategies and opinion with us.

It is known that raw materials are known as scarcity resources. Converting raw materials such as palm oil, rubber and cocoa to a finish product involve all factors of production. Recent news states that insufficient supply of rubber has become a major concern to local rubber companies. However, Top Glove is not afraid but ready to face this matter. Once rubber becomes scarce, the amount available to the market is limited but the demand is still there. When the quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied, shortages occur. Thus, price of rubber, in another word, latex increases. Top Glove plans to reduce the risk of high price latex which accounts for up to 60% of its production costs by buying its own land to plant rubber trees and thereby getting its own latex supply. Nevertheless, the company incurs an opportunity cost of production. In my opinion, it could have sold or rented out the land to another firm to earn more revenue.

In recent years, all Malaysian glove maker firms have been increasing their production capacities especially for nitrile gloves because rubber gloves are getting expensive to produce due to uptrend of latex prices. This has sparked concerns about the issue of oversupply of nitrile gloves. However, Top Glove owner, Tan Sri Lim Wee Chai says “It’s a normal situation, there will be oversupply, then the supply will reduce, the demand will increase…there is always a cycle, so we are not worried.” I agree with his statement. This is because in market equilibrium, when quantity demanded equals quantity supplied, the equilibrium price is achieved. At one point where quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded, there will be an oversupply. However, some producers unable to sell their goods as planned will reduce the prices; resulting in price falls till equilibrium. The falling price increases quantity demanded and decreases quantity supplied. When quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied, shortage occurs. Producers will set to increase the price and output, thus pushing the price up until its equilibrium. The rising price reduces shortage as it decreases the quantity demanded and increases the quantity supplied. Eventually, surplus and shortage will occur again due to price affecting the plans of buyers and sellers. 

-Supply and Demand Curve-

 In addition, Top Glove targets one new customer per week which equivalent to 52 customers per year. However, to make that possible, the company has to hire more people in tandem with growth in demand for both rubber and nitrile gloves. Their productions consist of 80% of rubber gloves and hoping to have a more balanced mix of rubber and nitrile gloves. In order to produce more of nitrile gloves, production of rubber gloves will be lower. In economic terms, the opportunity cost of nitrile gloves is the lower production of rubber gloves and trade off comes along with every choice made. In this case, the company trade off rubber gloves for nitrile gloves. Production efficiency is achieved when more nitrile goods are produced with the sacrifice of rubber gloves at the lowest possible cost. Let’s take a look at the PPF (Production Possibilities Frontier). PPF shows the boundary between those combinations of goods and services that can be produced and those that cannot. The goods involved now are nitrile and rubber gloves.
 -PPF and Opportunity cost-



When all the points fall on the Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF), production efficiency is achieved. It is impossible to attain points outside the PPF because resources are scarce yet any points inside the frontier will be consider inefficient, either resources are misallocated of unemployed. Furthermore, the slope of the PPF shows marginal cost of a good. At an instance, the marginal cost of nitrile gloves is the opportunity cost of producing one more unit of it. An additional unit of nitrile glove produced will reduce the production of rubber glove. Due to difference in resources productivity, the shape of PPF bows outwards. This shows that with the increase of nitrile gloves production, its opportunity cost increases too.

Top Glove decides that the production of both gloves will be based on demand. In my opinion, this is a smart move. Over the years, the quantity demanded for nitrile gloves rises due to expensive rubber gloves. According to ‘The Law of Demand’, the higher the price of a good, the smaller the quantity demanded provided other factors remaining the same. Consumers will seek substitute once the price of rubber gloves increases. For example, the price of a rubber gloves is equivalent to two nitrile gloves. Therefore, consumers will go for the nitrile gloves. In this way, Top Glove can re-allocate their resources and plan on the productivity of both gloves.

Since nitrile gloves are a close substitute for rubber gloves, the demand for rubber gloves is said to be elastic. If the percentage change in quantity demanded exceeds the percentage change in price, the good is said to have an elastic demand with price elasticity greater than 1. As I mentioned earlier, the increasing price of latex is causing difficulty to produce rubber gloves. Thus, Top Glove seek alternative by producing nitrile gloves using the factors of production used for producing the rubber gloves. As a result, the elasticity of supply for nitrile gloves is elastic.

Business in rubber gloves industry is set to be challenging. Top Glove is facing market constraints while competing with rivals. “When a company has grown to a certain size, continuous growth will be more challenging, so this is our idea for now. Obviously, there is a plan to achieve this,” says Tan Sri Lim Wee Chai. Top Glove is determined to grow their market share to 30% and achieve an increase in sales and net profit by between 10% and 20% per year. Another constraint face by Top Glove is hiring the right people. According to Tan Sri Lim Wee Chai, expanding company requires good people and teamwork from all departments. Currently, the staff strength in Top Glove is approximately 11,000 with 23 manufacturing facilities spread across Malaysia, Thailand and China. Top Glove is determined to remain efficient, improve technology, meet all of the customers’ requirements and have reasonable pricing in their product to cope with economic problem.


Author: Student ID: 0312558

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